Buying Behavior Of The Consumers Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Buying Behavior Of The Consumers. Answer: The paper talks about the buying behavior of the consumers. It explains that how social media networks affect the buying behavior and actions of the consumers in the global market. It explains the significance of these social network channels to increase the revenue and profit of the company. A consumer is an individual who purchases various products and services of the company for personal and special use. They do not purchase the products and services for manufacture and resale purpose. There are several elements which affect the buying behavior of the consumers. These factors comprise social factors, situational factors, marketing campaigns, personal preferences (Oliver, 2014). The consumers buying behavior and actions are the important topic of the marketing. The consumer behavior and actions are the study of groups, individuals or organizations and the processes and procedures which they use and exercise to select, dispose, and use and security of products, experiences, thoughts or ideas to satisfy the needs, wants and requirements of the customers in the market. Further, consumer buying behavior is the sum total of consumers preferences, intentions, attitudes, attributes and decisions about the consumers actions and behavior in the marketplace when they buy the prod uct or service from the market. Consumer buying behavior and actions also play a vital and integral role in marketing. In addition, social media networks influence the consumer buying behavior (Muruganantham, Bhakat, 2013). The social networks generate a new place of the communication and interface among the people. Individuals can share and exchange their reviews, knowledge, experiences, and opinions with other persons due to the social network channels. These channels provide new opportunities to the consumers related to new products and services. The company uses these channels to increase and maximize the revenue and profit of the organization. The social media networks are an effective and unique tool for the consumers to gain the knowledge and information about the new products and services. The company can increase the demand for the products and services with using these channels in the global market (Liu, Li Hu, 2013). The social media networks protect the rights of the consumers and maintain coordination and unity among the various consumers in the global market. The social media networks promote the business, products, and services of the company. It helps to create a good brand image of the company in the market. The social media channels include Facebook, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram. These networks are an important tool to build and develop a good relationship with the target audience. In todays era, social media is becoming the part of the persons life. After the various researchers, it has been analyzed that approx 500 million people are communicating and interacting with social media networks in the universal market. These networks are the significant and essential part of the marketing. These social media networks help to consumers to estimate and predict the prices of the products. The quality, advertising, brand, and prices can affect the consumer decision-making process. There is a good relationship between social media networks and consumer buying behavior. Through social media networks, the consumers can easily take important decisions related to products and services. It helps to make effective marketing plans and strategies for nea r future around the world. Many marketers use these channels for conducting marketing campaigns (Bian Moutinho, 2011). In todays world, most of the consumers are using social media networks as a source or tool to purchase and search items, products, services, and brands. Many companies are using these channels to expand and flourish its business activities and operations around the world. There are three main motives and gratifications for using the social network as a medium such as social aspects, information, and entertainments etc. Twitter and Facebook are the important for sharing important information, news and other experiences related to the new products and services. The organization uses social media platforms to create and generate social support within the firm. These channels help to build and develop effective and unique relations between sellers and consumers in order to meet the long-term success and growth. It is the important tool to support enterprises to increase the chances of growth and survival in the market across the world. The consumer buying behavior process is divided into four steps which include problem identification, purchasing decision, information search and post-purchase behavior (Deliya Parmar, 2012). The social media networks provide competitive advantages and benefits for supply chain partners. The social media networks are connected with each other with the main purpose of exchanging and finding content and data. These networks can be used for self-representation, self-disclosure and it helps to create a professional and unique identity in the global market. These social media networks help to build and develop loyalty, honesty, confidence, and beliefs (Gensler, Vlckner, Liu-Thompkins Wiertz, 2013). After the various researchers, it has been evaluated that Facebook is one of the biggest social networks and it is very popular among the consumers. It can influence the purchasing behavior of the consumers. The social media networks have an impact on the consumer buying behavior. They help and assist the consumers to take various important decisions related to the prepurchase and post-purchase of the services and products. These channels play an essential role to improve and devel op brand awareness around the world. It also offers customized and modified the various products and services. These networks provide right and appropriate information about the products and services in the global market. The consumers have options to get special offers and discounts on the products. The social media channels also help to generate consumer movement in the environment. It protects the rights of the consumers across the world (Hartmann Apaolaza-Ibez, 2012). It provides various growth opportunities and chances to take various advantages in the universal market. The marketers are able to reach its target market around the world with the help of social media networks. The consumers have a chance to do online shopping through these networks (Michaelidou, Siamagka Christodoulides, 2011). It will also help to create awareness among the various consumers in the universal market. They can also get information about the defective and damaged products. E-commerce plays a vital role in social media networks. The consumers can purchase online products and services around the world. In this way, these channels are an important tool to reach its target audience in the global market. But sometimes, these channels are not providing accurate and adequate information related to the products and services to the consumers. Thus, various key issues are faced by the consumers related to the social media networks. Therefore, marketers and other people should focus on these social media networks to attract more customers in the market (Kane, Alavi, Labianca Borgatti, 2012). These channels also help to execute and implement various promotional strategies with the organization. The marketers evaluate and measure the level of satisfaction and dissatisfaction of the consumers around the world. Through social media networks, consumers are able to know the features, aspects, characteristics, attributes, and advantages of the products and services which are available in the market. The consumers can know the key challenges and other risks which are existed in the market (DeAndrea, Ellison, LaRose, Steinfield, Fiore, 2012). On the above discussion, it has been evaluated that social media networks affect the consumers buying behavior. The revenue and profit of the companies depend on the consumer buying behavior. Further, social media channels play a vital and crucial role to determine and evaluate the needs, expectation, and requirements of the customers. References Bian, X., Moutinho, L. (2011). The role of brand image, product involvement, and knowledge in explaining consumer purchase behaviour of counterfeits: Direct and indirect effects.European Journal of Marketing,45(1/2), 191-216. DeAndrea, D. C., Ellison, N. B., LaRose, R., Steinfield, C., Fiore, A. (2012). Serious social media: On the use of social media for improving students' adjustment to college.The Internet and higher education,15(1), 15-23. Deliya, M. M. M., Parmar, M. B. J. (2012). Role of Packaging on Consumer Buying Behavior Patan District.Global Journal of Management and Business Research,12(10). Gensler, S., Vlckner, F., Liu-Thompkins, Y., Wiertz, C. (2013). Managing brands in the social media environment.Journal of Interactive Marketing,27(4), 242-256. Hartmann, P., Apaolaza-Ibez, V. (2012). Consumer attitude and purchase intention toward green energy brands: The roles of psychological benefits and environmental concern.Journal of Business Research,65(9), 1254-1263. Kane, G. C., Alavi, M., Labianca, G. J., Borgatti, S. (2012). Whats different about social media networks? A framework and research agenda. Liu, Y., Li, H., Hu, F. (2013). Website attributes in urging online impulse purchase: An empirical investigation on consumer perceptions.Decision Support Systems,55(3), 829-837. Michaelidou, N., Siamagka, N. T., Christodoulides, G. (2011). Usage, barriers and measurement of social media marketing: An exploratory investigation of small and medium B2B brands.Industrial marketing management,40(7), 1153-1159. Muruganantham, G., Bhakat, R. S. (2013). A review of impulse buying behavior.International Journal of Marketing Studies,5(3), 149. Oliver, R. L. (2014).Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge.

History of Culinary Arts Essay Example For Students

History of Culinary Arts Essay The history of culinary arts started in the early 1800 when the first cooking school in Boston was established to teach the art of American cooking and prepare the students to deliver and forward their knowledge to others. It was in 1836 Fannies Merritt Farmer published the first cook book; the book was written referring the Boston cooking school. In the year 1946 the first cooking show was telecaster on the televised. After thatches Beard the father Of American cuisine conducted regular cooking classes concentrating on the art of American cooking. In sass he French cuisine has been entered the American society by Julia Child. Later in the year the Culinary Institute of America (CIA was founded and established this was the first culinary school that offers career-based courses of course in the art of cooking. The first campus of the CIA was new York and was started in 1972 and now there are Different types of cooking schools that offer different kinds of training programs to its candidates and the selection of the appropriate culinary arts and it can be determined by considering the goals and interests ND aid to choose the education pharmacologically. The school was begun with the intention tot offering education courses in culinary arts. The school otters both long term and short term courses, There are a number of students who enroll in the CIA and each year and the number of applicants increase. Prior to the establishing of the CIA, those who wanted to have a career in culinary arts typically had to go through many tests and challenges like until they become seasoned chefs by gaining on-the-job trainings, Looking at this today internships and recruitment are among the main essentials.

Technology is Essential Essays - The Essential, Player Technology

Technology is very essential because it run the top of the best player.Technology is very essential because it run the top of the best player.Technology is very essential because it run the top of the best player.Technology is very essential because it run the top of the best player.Technology is very essential because it run the top of the best player.Technology is very essential because it run the top of the best player.Technology is very essential because it run the top of the best player.Technology is very essential because it run the top of the best player.Technology is very essential because it run the top of the best player.Technology is very essential because it run the top of the best player.Technology is very essential because it run the top of the best player.Technology is very essential because it run the top of the best player.Technology is very essential because it run the top of the best player.Technology is very essential because it run the top of the best player.Tech nology is very essential because it run the top of the best player.Technology is very essential because it run the top of the best player.Technology is very essential because it run the top of the best player.

Another Product of a Nike Society essays

Another Product of a Nike Society essays I have been told that all great men were once rejected by society but that just maybe another lie told to me by society. American society is thought to be simple but it is very contradicting. The common man is told a lie Try your best and you will make it and the American dream is a beautiful one but made with sweat and tears. This is a very interesting notion because most of the people that make it to the top today are scum-sucking parasites. Does the honest hard workingman really get more than what he put in? Physics has defined how efficient a machine is by a simple equation: work input divided by work output. This equation shows how well a machine work. It is often used to decide if a machine can be improved or if it should be replaced. The John Doe of our society uses this scale to judge how his job is because he is no better than a machine. When John Doe uses this equation he often calculates work output as comforts of society. Society also uses this equation to define John Doe to see how valuable he is. Societies work input is simply money. In exchange for money society gains more money and lives. If John Doe lives till he is ninety most people would agree that he lived a long life. To really fathom how long John truly LIVED for we must break his life components down into days. An average John sleeps for eight hours a day, which means that john sleeps 1/3 of his life away. This means John is only alive and breathing for a mere sixty years. An average John works for another eight hours. This means that John really does not truly live for 2/3 of his life. During this 2/3 life time John has a couple of kids for which he sacrifices more of his life. So in conclusion John only live for less than 1/3 of his life. Who can say a man who died at twenty-five lived long? Some people would argue that twenty-five years of living is ple...

Summrize and paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summrize and paraphrase - Essay Example Intersect defines similarly same concept. Parent child relationship corollary is based on the concept that the child’s actions and thought process is decided and dictated by the parents overall presence and personality. Adjustment, correlation and combination within and is termed as a concept called hierarchy formation. Parametric design is a specialization within the advanced concept of 3-D modeling. This feature enables multiple benefits such as the dimensions determination as well as the geometrical aspects understanding and calculation. Association within refers to the concept of aligning two or more components towards finding a common function and feature within. Sketched feature comes in contrast and difference to the 3-D models and concepts that are commonly prevalent. Although not as efficient as the 3-D model, yet it serves the objectives in the form of determining the union, intersection and other similar features associated with the structure of a given material or given design. Parametric association between different components can be judged from the name derived against it. These include the functions such as assessing the different dimensions and providing for a more accurate design and observation of the different angles within the modeled structure. Assembly constraint is a concept that is associated with the consideration of ensuring that the different design aspects and prerequisites are fulfilled. Axe, Edge and other domains and dimensions of a given structure are taken into account while gauging the assembly. Designs are highly prone to possible error and defect during the process of manufacturing. This can be eliminated through the design intent function which allows good handling of the designs with regard to making a better crafted structure. Other aspects of design making make include taking into account factors like re arranging of the structure, re visiting the geometry and further modifying the parameters. The sole

Shakeaspear's Sonnets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Shakeaspear's Sonnets - Essay Example He says that when he thinks of the past, he remembers that he had sought many things then, and regrets that he had not been able to acquire any of those things by now. The use of words like ‘sigh’ and ‘lack’ accentuates his gloomy mood and unhappy thoughts. By saying ‘many a thing I sought,’ again the sense of unfullfilment and feeling of being in a deprived state are brought through to the reader. â€Å"And with old woes new wail my dear times’ waste†: Here he expresses that his thoughts about the old miseries, renews them afresh, and he â€Å"wails† his â€Å"dear times’ waste.† Once again the use of alliteration: starting the words ‘woes’, ‘wails’ and ‘waste’ with the same consonant ‘w’, emphasizes his expression of loss, and how it affected him to think that his precious time in the past had been wasted, as he lacked now many of those things that he had so ught then. The usage of ‘old’ and ‘new’ which are of opposite meaning, closely placed: ‘And with old woes new wail†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ is an example of Shakespeare’s stylistic expression. The second quatrain of the sonnet expresses the poet’s grief at the loss of ‘precious friends’. who he says are hidden in ‘death’s dateless night’. Again, the use of alliteration, i.e. repetition of the starting consonant ‘d’ in two consecutive words, adds to the rhythm of the line. The word ‘dateless’ alludes to the timelessness of death, which is eternal. The use of another poetic device ‘assonance’ is used to enhance the rhythm: i.e. similar vowel sounds in accented syllables, as the short ‘e’ sound in the words ‘precious friends.’ This is also seen in the beginning of the sonnet: ‘When to the sessions’ and ‘remembrance’. Also, the first and last words of the poem: When and end also have assonance, and serve the function of unifying the entire poem. The same tone of sad loss is repeated when he talks of weeping again over old

Case study (Public relations) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case study (Public relations) - Essay Example Farmers consider blocking drillers from entering their farms; however, this is not easy since the company may sue them. Particularly, the farmers worry that the extraction will considerably affect sustainable farming. For instance, Mr. Back indicates that the practice would compromise his organic farming and force him to adopt chemical farming. Therefore, Mr. Back does not find the idea rational; hence, he is ready to engage in violent actions. Additionally, a concern arises that the procedure ought to weaken the aquifers. Phillip Jays, a landowner at Dulacca vows that he can never let the extractors into their land unless he is hugely compensated. Notably, he is surprised that the world has failed to learn from the earlier 10-year drought and wants to create another. Chinchilla, a farmer at Dane clarifies the issues associated with the case when he observes that there is no option besides confronting the practice based on unwarranted consequences. Chinchilla proposes an ideal solution to the case when he accounts that the companies can collaborate with farmers in promoting sustainable exploitation; however, engaging in dictatorial operations will not work for the company. In the case, the farmers occupy the position of the primary stakeholders since they present the most affected group. The extraction is threatening farmers’ activities since it has the potential of lowering the productivity of their farms (Poonia, 2010). Secondary stakeholders in the case include the bodies involved in the environment conservation particularly the Basin Sustainability Alliance (BSA) and the Friends of the Earth. The extraction activities contravene the interest of these environment organizations. The need of addressing the matter on the ground is apparent. Differences presented by the parties undermine the company’s activities. This plan aims at responding to the issues raised in the case by availing the

Whatever You Are Be A Good One English Literature Essay

Whatever You Are Be A Good One English Literature Essay A good narrator has the ability to distance himself from the rest of the audience and to be able to describe things in detail. While the narrator inThe Great Gatsby; Nick Caraway, refrains from going into detail about his personal thoughts, he does however, explain the book in great detail. At the beginning of the book, Nick describes what happens to Gatsby in a general synopsis which shows to the reader how literate Nick is. Nick, like many characters in The Great Gatsby battles between internal and external forces which shows the conflicts he goes through throughout the book. The battle between his morals and the unnatural people in the book is a major theme that occurs throughout. However, as a narrator inThe Great Gatsby, can Nick be considered a reliable narrator? Nick Caraway is a reliable and suitable narrator because of the amount of detail he goes into, his non-judgemental honest, and tolerant attitude which makes him a trustworthy character. And as the novel progresses, he faces inner and external battles with himself and those around him showing that he is rational and a natural character.In the first few pages alone, F Scott Fitzgerald was able to portray how literate Nick is and how he is a suitable narrator. The ability of Nick to describe the events that take place around him in an unrushed, logical manner shows that Nick is a reliable narrator.Nick describes the novel in great detail, allowing the reader to picture what hesees and how he feels. He found the house, a weather-beaten [cardboard bungalow] at eighty a month (Fitzgerald 9). Within the first few pages, Nick easily describes what his house looks like and the living conditions that hes in. I enjoyed looking at her. She was a slender, small-breasted girl, with an erect carriage, which she accentuated by throwing her body. Her grey sun-strained eyes looked back at me [with a charming, discontented face] (Fitzgerald16). It seems that Nick is talented in describing every detail that he sees, and during this meeting between Nick, Daisy, Tom and the ever-so-charming Jordan Baker, provides a Nick an insight into the type of lives that Daisy, Tom and Jordan actually live. With this insight, the reader insinuates that Nick feels an awkw ardness in the conversation; as if Daisy, Tom and Jordan are trying very hard to keep themselves and their guest Nick, entertained that is, until dinner is served. They were here, [making only a polite pleasant effort to entertain or be entertained]. They knew that presently dinner would be over and a little later the evening too would be over and casually put away (Fitzgerald 16). The quote also indicates how Nick can pick up on small details and uses them to understand what is going on. This ability allows Nick and the reader to completely understand what is going on at all times in the novel. Fitzgerald portrays the symbols in the novel through the narrator Nick, who is able to describe things in great detail and in an unflawed, seaming less manner. Standing behind him Michaelis saw with a shock that he was looking at the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg which had just emerged pale and enormous from the dissolving night.God sees everything, repeated Wilson (Fitzgerald 152). One of the major symbols in The Great Gatsby are the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg, who is interpreted as the god or the one person that oversees everybody and everything they do. He is known as the one looking down and judging the American society and in the end of the novel; Fitzgerald shows through Nick that the eyes represent a sense of direction that youre currently in. To Tom, the eyes represent how he is successful and is living the American Dream; however, too Wilson, the eyes mock him and how he desperately needs to leave the valley of ash and move east. This is why he is always asking for Toms car which is his segue to a new and improved life. Nick also is able to determine how Gatsby failed to achieve the American Dream. Gatsbybelieved in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but thats no matter-tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms fartherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. And one fine morning (Fitzgerald171). He had come a lo ng way to this blue lawn and his dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it. He did not know that it was already behind him, somewhere back in that vast obscurity beyond the city, where the dark fields of the republic rolled on under the night (Fitzgerald 171). Nick believes that Gatsby was blinded with his need to have Daisy to complete his dream. As Gatsby became closer to Daisy, he became more careless, which led to his downfall. -And it occurred to me that there was no difference between men, in intelligence or race, so profound as the difference between the sick and the well (Fitzgerald 133). Near the end of the novel, Nick realizes through the use of heat [which is another major symbol in the novel] that Tom and Wilson arent that different and both of them are going through the same things. The ability of Nick to determine symbols allows him to be a reliable and suitable narrator, but also his trustworthy appearance allows him to gather information t o keep the pace of the novel fast-paced. In addition to Nicks ability to describe things in detail, his trustworthy appearance allows Nick to be portrayed as the perfect narrator for The Great Gatsby.The fact that Tom allows Nick to see his mistress and meet her indicates that Tom trusts Nick. Not only does Tom trust Nick, but Gatsby also trusts him as well and its proven through their conversation when Gatsby confides in Nick about his love for Daisy. Gatsby also states how he actually gets his money and how he deals with the shady character; Mister Wolfshiem. Meyer Wolfshiem? No, hes a gambler. Gatsby hesitated, and then added coolly: Hes the man who fixed the Worlds Series back in 1919 (Fitzgerald 79). Though Nick is in disbelief when Gatsby tells him this; it proves that Nick is indeed, a trustworthy character and that Gatsby truly trusts Nick. Throughout the novel, Gatsby doesnt have much interaction with a variety of people and it means that Gatsby isnt very sociable; even though he throws huge, extravagant parties. T o emphasize, Gatsby only confides in Nick and this shows how close Nick and Gatsby truly were. We were close friends (Fitzgerald 179). It seems that not only Tom and Gatsby trust Nick, but Jordan does as well. I was bridesmaid. I came into her room half an hour before the bridal dinner, and found her lying on her bed as lovely as the June night in her flowered dress-and as drunk as a monkey. She had a bottle of sauterne in one hand and a letter in the other (Fitzgerald 82). Jordan is the driving factor for Nick to change throughout the novel. Her unnatural behavior is what attracts Nick to her and the fact that both Nick and Jordan are dating each other also proves that Jordan trusts Nick. Fitzgerald has rendered Nick as a trustworthy man in order to prove how unnatural and corrupted the people around him are. It seems that through Nick, the reader can see how Fitzgerald wants to portray how trustworthy Nick is, and the reader is able to see this because every major character in the novel somehow entrusts Nick with something significant. Because of this, Nick can be considered a reliable narrator. Nick faces internal and external battles throughout the book which states the obvious; Nick is not only a narrator in the novel, but also a character that is facing similar problems that the other characters are also going through. One of the major issues he faces is right at the beginning, which is something his father told him. In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that Ive been turning over in my mind ever since.Whenever you feel like criticizing any one, he told me, just remember that all the people in this world havent had the advantages that youve had' (Fitzgerald 7). Throughout the novel, Nick always holds back from criticising a person, which is the one thing that makes him flawed. He misinterprets the quote from his father and believes to have some higher-moral class than everyone else around him which is the reason why he is so interested of the rich. His interest in the unnatural increases as the novel progresses and it can be seen more easi ly the more Nick interacts with them. Nick undergoes an internal battle when he first sees Gatsby. He smiled understandingly-much more than understandingly. It was one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it, that you may come across four or five times in life (Fitzgerald 53). During his first meeting with Gatsby, Nick was astonished by Gatsby. During the party, the guests gave Nick bad vibes about Gatsby; however, he ignores them and continues to be intrigued by him. Nick knows that Gatsby is a bootlegger and a cheat, but he still enjoys his company and because of this; the morals of Nick and his ego eat at each other until the very ending where Nick decides to stay away from Gatsby evidently, its the same day that Gatsby ends up dead. In the ending, he faces external battles with everyone he sees. Gatsbys father isnt as sad as he should be and Nick thinks that Gatsbys father fails to understand that Gatsby is truly dead and never coming back. Nick tries t o find Daisy, who, with Tom, has left to go on a vacation and finds that suspicious. His relationship with Jordan has crumbled and it seems that even Meyer Wolfshiems attitude towards Gatsbys death has angered Nick. Overall, Nick battles with his inner self and those around him, supporting the claim that Nick is a reliable narrator because he is also a character in the story itself. He feels and experiences everything that occurs and because of this, Nick is an ideal narrator. Nick Carraway is a reliable narrator because of the fact that he is trustworthy, battles with his inner self and those around him and has an ability to describe the events that take place in great detail. Nick is also somewhat biased in a way, and because of this, it doesnt make him irrational, but quite the opposite. The way Fitzgerald introduces everything and how he tells the story through the character of Nick, it emphasises the symbols, the themes and even the meaning of the story and because of this, Nick Carraway is an ideal and reliable narrator in the novel The Great Gatsby.

Justice and Revenge in The Spanish Tragedy by Thomas Kyd Essay

Justice and Revenge in The Spanish Tragedy by Thomas Kyd Throughout 'The Spanish Tragedy', by Thomas Kyd, there is a constant theme of justice and revenge. Justice is the supreme law of the land; without justice, a country would fall into disrepute and those who are readily concerned with the status of society would have no grounds to stand upon. Therefore, those in power venerate justice. Revenge, however, upsets the delicate balance that holds Spanish society together. Hieronimo does his best to maintain a civil attitude towards incrimination and justice, but his plans for revenge lay waste to the very law he professes to adore. A series of carefully plotted steps, coupled with thoughts of revenge, reveals the descent of Hieronimo into madness and thereby fueling his rejection of justice. As Hieronimo contemplates his actions, he begins arguing with himself and the gods over the death of his son. He brings his case before the heavens questioning the effective nature of justice. This is the first instance where Hieronimo is doubtful of justice. Hieronimo states: If this inhuman and barbarous attempt, If this incomparable murder thus Of mine, but now no more my son, Shall unrevealed and unrevenged pass, How should we term your dealings to be just, If you unjustly deal with those that in your justice trust? (3.2.6-11) These lines provide the foundation for Hieronimo to seek out revenge instead of allowing the courts to decide the fates of the murderers of his son. Hieronimo is clearly angry and infuriated that the murderers have yet to be discovered. This is the moment ... ...l a facility of Hieronimo, he would have realized that killing others does not achieve a resolution, but propagates even further confusion and chaos. Revenge is a maliciously deviant instrument that seeks to redefine an imbalanced society, but ultimately fails due to its irrational nature. Hieronimo was unable to achieve justice for his son, Horatio, so he turned to the grim specter of revenge. Without justice, the Spanish society was unable to sustain itself and Hieronimo only further exacerbated this tension. In the end, Hieronimo was a victim of the very crime he pursued to bring to justice throughout the play: murder. By retracing the steps of Hieronimo, one can see that revenge eventually swallowed Hieronimo whole leaving him bereft of any moral fiber. Bibliography: Kyd, Thomas. The Spanish Tragedy. Ed. Philip Edwards. London: Methuen, 1959.

Mass Marketing and Mass Customization Essay

1. Stragetic Marketing In its strategic role, marketing focuses on business’s intentions in a market and the means and timing of realizing those intentions. The strategic role of marketing is quite different from marketing management, which deals with developing, implementing, and directing programs to achieve designated intentions 1.1 Concept of strategic marketing As shown above, the marketing function plays at different levels in the organization. At the corporate level, marketing inputs (competitive analysis, market dynamics, and environmental shifts) are essential for formulating a corporate strategic plan. Marketing represents the boundary between the marketplace and the company, and knowledge of current and emerging happenings in the marketplace are extremely important in any strategic planning exercises. At the other end of the scale, marketing management deals with the formulation and implementation of marketing programs to support the perspectives of strategic marketing, referring to marketing strategy of a product/market. This time, marketing strategy is developed at the business unit level. Marketing’s Role in the Organization Organizational level Role of Marketing Formal Name Corporate Provide customer and competitive perspective for corporate strategic planning Corporate marketing Business unit Assist in the development of strategic perspective of the business unit to direct its future course Strategic marketing Product/market Formulate and implement marketing programs Marketing management Together, the strategic three Cs form the marketing strategy triangle. All  three Cs-customer, corporation, and competition- are dynamic, living creatures with their own objectives to pursue. If what the customer wants doesn’t match the needs of the corporation, the latter’s long-term viability may be at stake. Positive matching of the needs and objectives of customer and corporation is required for a lasting good relationship. But such matching is relative, and if the competition is able to offer a better match, the corporation will be at a disadvantage over time. In other words, the matching of needs between customer and corporation must not only be positive, it must be better or stronger than the match between the customer and the competitor. When the corporation’s approach to their customer is identical to that of the competition, the customer cannot differentiate between them. The result could be a price war that may satisfy the customer’s but not t he corporation’s needs. In summary, marketing strategy, in terms of these three key constituents, must be defined as an endeavor by a corporation to differentiate itself positively from its competitors, using its relative corporate strengths to better satisfy customer needs in a given environmental setting. 1.2 Example for marketing strategy 1.2.1 Around the World There are a lot of corporations succeed in marketing strategy. The most highlight one is Samsung. Just a few years ago Samsung was struggling to catch up in the smartphone market. Now it makes more of them than anybody else and has Apple on the back foot, in addition to being the world’s largest technology company by revenue. Samsung’s aggression has gotten it into trouble in the past, losing a high profile case to Apple for imitating its design. But the reputation hit and the fine were a small price to pay. The company pivots and produces quickly, coming out with a variety of devices. It sees what the market responds to, pushes successes, and kills failures. And now, rather than just providing a cheaper and lesser iPhone, it’s differentiated itself with larger screens, different features, successful marketing, and delivering what consumers want. The Note is a perfect example. The company found through market research that Asian-language speakers in particular wa nted a device that they could hand-write on, because drawing characters is easier with a pen. The result was a combination phone/tablet (â€Å"phablet†) that’s been an unexpected hit. 1.2.2 Vietnam In Vietnam, the marketing strategy has just started in 2006 (as Vietnam joined WTO). Therefore, marketing strategy could count on the fingers of one hand. But there still are some corporations do that. As we know they are ICP, THP, and Vinamilk†¦ To Vinamilk, at the beginning, Vinamilk just paid their intension in distribution. But later, the most important thing that they concerned about is to build the trust and quality (especially after the melamine incident) As the quality is acquired, Vinamilk makes a further step forward in building the trust in their customers. In order to do that, they aim to produce milk from domestic initiative through developing and supporting farmers in their dairy herds. After the melamine incident, it makes a positive impact on Vinamilk. So that Vinamilk can make a further step to increase customers’ awareness in products’ quality. In 2011, Vinamilk went in making trust by cooperating with well-known milk and nutrition research center s. In that way, Vinamilk can be more proactive in meeting the milk and nutrition which suited the Vietnamese. 2. Mass marketing 2.1 Definition Mass marketing is a market strategy in which a firm decides to ignore market segment differences and appeal the whole market with one offer or one strategy. Companies use mass marketing to promote a single product or service to as many people as possible without differentiating how various segments of the market might respond. For example, a fast-food chain might offer the same hamburger promotion at all of its franchises to create a demand for its new product. The idea is to broadcast a message that will reach the largest number of people possible. By reaching the largest audience possible, exposure to the product is maximized. In theory, this would directly correlate with a larger number of sales or buy in to the product. It is the technique of trying to spread our marketing message to anyone and everyone who are willing to listen. It enables us to reach a wide range of services to take any job that comes on our way. Some examples of mass marketing strategies would be direct mail, yellow page ads, billboards, radio ads, free dinner seminars, etc A mass market is a general population which can be targeted at wide for the sales and marketing of a product. A  mass market is broad in nature and is not categorized by demographics. For example – Automobiles – cars and two wheelers, usually target the mass markets with heterogeneous ages, locations and preferences. . However these mass markets can be further diversified into smaller segments. Products which target a mass market generally vary their promotion strategies according to the market. Example – An automobile company or a telecom company targets a mass market. However each individual might have a different preference for automobiles or telecom service providers. Does within the mass market, there exist individual segments. A smart marketer will try to promote his product to the biggest chunk of the mass market. For example – In soft drinks, Pepsi is targeting the youth, but on the other hand coke is targeting whole families through defining values. Thus coke has a bigger market and it is a more widely recognized brand when compared to Pepsi. 2.2 Purpose The purposes of undifferentiated marketing are several. Mass marketing focuses on high sales and low prices. It aims to provide products and services that will appeal to the whole market.It announces the presence of your small business and products to the general public and attracts as many eyes to the brand as possible. By doing so, it allows you to gauge which segments of the market are most interested in your brand and adjust your marketing to target them more specifically. Mass marketing also saves the expense of market research and targeted campaigns by allowing you to reach the market as a whole and fine tune your efforts later on once revenue is comfortably consistent.Henry Ford realized this when he created the Model T. Before him, the automobile was a niche product for the wealthy. Ford developed a vehicle that was accessible to all and made millions. The reason mass marketing strategies work at all is because at any given time, there is approximately 3 percent of the market that is actively looking for what it is you have to offer. For example, 3 percent of people are actively in the market, as we speak, for a new car, a new home or maybe even a new advisor. Mass marketing strategies rely on this 3 percent to give you a return on your investment. To be successful utilizing these strategies, you have to invest a significant amount of time and money upfront to see any response. Many advisors spend a lot of years and money competing with other advisors in their market over this small â€Å"need help now† market. 2.3 Background Mass marketing has its origins in the 1920s with the inception of mass radio use. This gave corporations an opportunity to appeal to a wide variety of potential customers. Due to this, variety marketing had to be changed in order to persuade a wide audience with different needs into buying the same thing. It has developed over the years into a worldwide multi-billion dollar industry. Although sagging in the Great Depression it regained popularity and continued to expand through the 40s and 50s. It slowed during the anti-capitalist movements of the 60’s and 70’s before coming back stronger than before in the 80’s, 90’s and today. These trends are due to corresponding upswings in mass media, the parent of mass marketing. For most of the twentieth century, major consumer-products companies held fast to mass marketing- mass-producing, mass distributing and mass promoting about the same product in about the same way to all consumers. Mass marketing creates the largest potential market, which leads to lowered costs. It is also called overall marketing. 2.4 Products For certain types of widely consumed items such asnecessities, furniture, artwork, automobiles, residential communities, soft drinks and personal computers,†¦mass marketing approach makes the most sense. Typically, things which are perceived to be necessary to the consumer are subject to mass marketing. Resources of mass marketing provide cost-effective marketing solutions for small and micro businesses, including start-ups. For example, toothpaste isn’t marketed to one particular market segment.It is sold in huge quantities. A company or individual who manufactures toothpaste wishes to get more people to buy their particular brand over another. The goal is that when a consumer has the option to select a tube of toothpaste, he would remember the product that was marketed. Often, this type of general appeal is supported by positive, emotional settings, and a great many reinforcers at the point of purchase. Walk through any supermarket, and you will observe hundreds of food products that are perceived as nearly identical by the consumer and are treated as such by the producer, especially generic items. Many mass marketed items are considered staple items. These are items people  are accustomed to buying new when their old ones are used up. Even â€Å"products† like politicians and services from professions such as law, chiropractic and medicine, are subject to mass marketing. A company that sells affordably priced products that appeal to a wide variety of consumers. Mass market retailers are not necessarily known for selling durable, high-quality merchandise or for having exceptional customer service, but they do meet consumers’ wants and needs, at reasonable prices. Examples of mass market retailers include big box stores such as Target, Sam’s Club and Best Buy, as well as brands like Levi Strauss and Gap, and e-retailers like Amazon. Supermarket, drugstore, mass merchandise and warehouse chains, are all considered mass market retailers. 2.5 Shotgun Approach The shotgun theory is an approach of mass marketing. It involves reaching as many people as you can through television, cable and radio. On the Web, it refers to a lot of advertising done through banners to text ads in as many websites as you can, in order to get enough eyeballs that will hopefully turn into sales. An example of shotgun marketing would be to simply place an ad on primetime television, without focusing on any specific group of audience. A shotgun approach increases the odds of hitting a target when it is more difficult to focus. 2.6 Strategy â€Å"All things to all people† It is the technique of trying to spread our marketing message to anyone and everyone who are willing to listen. A truckload of general advertising is done to the mass market in the hope that some of them will hit a target. It enables us to reach a wide range of services to take any job that comes on our way; and ultimately we become a â€Å"jack of all trades and a master of none†. Mass marketing quite simply targets the masses without any concern over addressing different needs and desires of different segments of the population. Mass marketing can be effective for products that are helpful to the majority of people. Advertisers often combine more than one type of ad around a single theme or slogan to help the product become more familiar with consumers. Companies aim mass marketing at the total market for a particular product. With an un-segmented strategy a firm develops a single marketing mix – one combination of product, price, promotion and  distribution. Compan ies that adopt mass marketing take an undifferentiated approach that assume that all customers in the market have similar need and wants that can be reasonably satisfied with a single marketing program. Coca-Cola, for example was available in only one flavor and in one type of bottle. Another example of mass marketing was Henry Ford’s offer to consumers of only one car Model-T in just one color. 2.7 Advantages and disavantages 2.7.1 Advantages Product Life Cycle A mass marketing approach may offer an advantage in cases where a product has reached the end of its life cycle. A product’s life cycle charts its course within a consumer market, from its first appearance on the market to increasing sales followed by its eventual decline in popularity or demand. A decline in sales typically marks the end of a product’s life cycle, regardless of what type of marketing approach you used. At the beginning of the life cycle, businesses may use mass marketing approach to obtain the most sales possible from targeted consumer markets. Once sales start to slow, these marketing approaches show little potential for increasing sales. By using mass marketing approach at the end of a product’s life cycle, businesses may increase the likelihood of sales by making a product available to other market sectors. Economies of scale When applying the mass marketing approach, the companies are able to produce in large scale. This requires that companies have to invest in the modern equipment, improve leadership. Moreover, the production processes need to be standardized in order to gain the economies of scale. For example: Advertising messages by mass media can reach millions of viewers in a single showing, and economies of scale make mass distribution cheaper than regional deliveries Spreading of risk When investment in capital is scattered, the companies can minimize changes of demand. For example, if one segment is crashed, this is likely to be compensated by other segments. Brand awareness and value When applying mass marketing approach, your brand will appear in many segment markets. This will help your company build a strong brand. For example: Hoang Anh Gia Lai has been a wood manufacturing company since 1990. In 2009, this company invested in estate and succeeded quickly thanks to this famous brand 2.7.2 Disadvantage Marketing cost When applying mass marketing approach, companies have to implement the promotion strategies such as: advertising, public relation (PR). For example: when introducing toothpaste product P/S, Unilever implements advertising campaign on national television channels, even on local television channels. According to experts, brands that are as large as P/S, are advertised 30-40 times in a single day on VTV3 channel. The price of a single advertising range is between 7 million vnd to 40 million vnd in accordance with advertising time. It is just a single channel; in fact, P/S has also been advertised on VTV1, VTV2, and many local channels such as DRT†¦ And in addition, Unilever also has to pay for banner cost, labor cost†¦ And P/S is also a single Unilever’s product. Therefore, Unilever spends millions of dollar a day on advertising. Research and development cost and fierce completion Today, technology has become the most important factor in business. This factor is vital factor especially for market leaders. In many cases, the new products of competitor are able to dominate market, even are able to make your products disappear. For example: Kodak is a photography company. While Kodak is competing with Fuji, a photography company from Japan, the invention of digital camera almost makes those companies to be in bankruptcy. Another example, Unilever and many detergent manufacturers are anxious about the invention of ultrasonic washing machine. This may lead to the disappearance of Omo (products of Unilever) Market research cost Today, when the supply of many commodities overcomes the demand, the society changes from manufacturer society to consumptive society. The marketing concept also changes. The manufacturers, now, have to find out the needs of customer, and try to satisfy them. The manufacturers no longer pay attention  about how to find out markets to sell their products, therefore, they try to produce as much as possible. And in order to satisfy diverse needs, companies have to spend much time and money on market research activities such as population census, level of economic growth, demography, culture, polity, national policy†¦ 3 Mass customization 3.1 Definition Mass customization was first popularized in 1993 by B. Joseph Pine II in his book â€Å"Mass Customization – The new Frontier in Business competition† and defined as â€Å"developing, producing, marketing and delivering affordable goods and services with enough variety and customization that nearly everyone finds exactly what they want† Indeed, mass customization did not become a tangible innovative business trend until the second half of the 2000’s thanks to rapid manufacturing and information technologies and more structured customer-manufacturer interaction methods A completed definition appeared. Mass customization, in marketing, manufacturing and management, is the use of flexible computer-aided manufacturing systems to produce custom output. Those systems combine the low unit costs of mass production processes with the flexibility of individual customization. Mass customization has become particularly important within the fashion industry, where ther e is an increasing demand for personalized clothes, handbags, shoes etc. 3.2 Characters of mass customization †¢ It is an evolution of mass production, which seeks to answer customers’ needs, requirements and wishes for having individualized and personalized goods and services. This also implies the production of high quantity at low costs. †¢ It leverages on new information technologies and innovative manufacturing processes to ensure high volumes at low cost; It produces goods and services to meet individual customer’s needs with near mass production efficiency† 3.3 Key success factors of mass customization Customer sensitivity. Refers to customer demands for individualized and customized products, which depends on two main factors: 1) Degree of customer’s sacrifices (how much he is willing to pay and how long he is willing to wait); 2) Firm’s ability to produce according to customer’s  specifications within a reasonable time and cost limits. Process amenability. Manufacturing technology and information technologies must be available for mass customization systems and products must be designed to be customizable. Competitive environment. Market conditions will support competitive environment. Being the first to implement mass customization in a particular industry may lead to gaining competitive advantage but when mass customization becomes more common, there are fewer opportunities to achieve that. Organizational readiness. Organizational readiness refers to the firm’s attitudes, culture and resources. The firm’s management should be open to new ide as and aggressive in competitive advantage and the promotion of a culture through the development of networks, new products and process technologies. 3.4 Example In 1996, Dell drew people’s attention to completely-new computer marketing strategy called â€Å"Build-to-order†: Marketers must first consult with customers to determine their requirements, then realize exactly what customers need and finally, use the information in product design processes. Dell Computer was also eager to use this method very successfully in building a database for their website. They allowed individual customers to assemble and purchase computers and accessories directly via the website www.dell.com. In 2000, Dell’s revenue reached $ 50 million per day. In 2001, Dell surpassed IBM to become the multinational computer technology company having the largest market share in the world. The success of Dell shows trends and demands to shift from mass production to mass customization. A typical example can be found easily through fast food outlets providing â€Å"burger† and chips at a low price. However, until 1995, this model became backward to market growth. Therefore, McDonald’s quickly shifted from mass production to customer requirements. McDonald’s added meatballs, pizza, sandwich, apple pies and ice cream to their menus. Moreover, the menu is suitable for each country and is written in many languages. For example about Big Macs (hamburgers sold by McDonald’s) in India where the majority of people are Islamic, pork is replaced with lamb on the menu, and drinks also diversify with beer and wine beside Coca Cola , Pepsi and 7 Up . The size of the glass also varies by regions: large glasses of water in the U.S. and smaller glasses in Asian countries. The present success of McDonald all  over the world shows a good change in their strategy. 3.5 Advantages and disadvantages 3.5.1 Advantages Benefits to the economy Applying the method â€Å"build to order†, no goods are actually made until the buyers send an order. Unwanted and out-of-date products, which are wasted to our limited resources, are eliminated. Because mass customization uses â€Å"build-to-order†, which requires a very short lead time from the receipt of the customer’s order to the delivery of the product, speedy response and perfect coordination of all types of input is necessary. Therefore, it would be suitable for the company’s functional departments such as procurement, manufacture, assembly and logistics to be addressed which market nears the customer. Specalization will save our resources because it reduces cost and time despite of mass production. Blue-collar workers (people who do physical work in industry) in developed countries will benefit as they have more jobs in their local without going to any far countries. Manufacturers, who always want to sell to large populations of developing countri es, believe that their local subsidiaries are able to independently meet the needs of that market without direct producing from parent company. Therefore, developing economies will also benefit as more knowledge-based jobs moved to their countries. Benefits to manufacturers By applying mass customization and â€Å"build to order† strategies, products are only manufactured when a customer order is received. As nothing is produced until an order is received, there are huge saved successes to be harvested by eliminating of unsold goods, goods in process and raw materials. In the case of Dell, payment is collected upfront when the customised order is received. Therefore, the company’s cash flow position improves and financial risk is reduced. Tseng and Jiao (1996) pointed out that in high volume production; mass production shows an advantage due to the economy of scale. However, with low to medium volume production, where production quantity cannot give remarkable result to buyer’s profits, customers are willing to pay more because their special and divers needs are satisfied. Consequently, small and medium enterprises, that have difficulty achieving economy of  scale, have the most to gain from mass customisation. In taking a custome r order, closed information about the customer’s preferences is collected thus generating a profile of the customer. By keeping profiles of all customers in a database, the company is able to design a â€Å"customised marketing† strategy for each individual customer. More importantly, knowledge of the customer’s profile allows the company to better manage the relationship it has with the customer. This stage also helps the company reduce the cost for market research. Benefits to customers The most obvious benefit to the customers is that goods that can meet the exact needs and wants of an individual are available at prices comparable to those of standard mass produced goods. Fiore et al. (2001) state that in the fashion apparel industry, the process of configuring and designing clothes by themselves proves to be a stimulating experience. The sheer novelty, intriguing application of advanced technology such as body scanning and pleasure from involvement in the creative process may prove as desirable as the apparel itself. As build to order becomes the norm in industry, customers can expect shorter lead-time to delivery. Long wait for goods due to out of stock situation would no longer occur. 3.5.2 Disadvantages Drawbacks for the customers A major concern of customers is whether there would be higher prices for customised product. In short to medium term, pricing would likely be higher than mass produced goods. In the longer term, when mass customisers compete among themselves, prices are expected to fall. A key disadvantage of customised goods is the difficulty in comparing between suppliers. Different suppliers rarely offer the same options for their goods. Therefore, some benefits of sharing information between customers are lost. Consequently, the lack of comparison and competition may result in higher prices for customised products than mass-produce ones. Suppliers are likely to apply value-based pricing rather than cost-based pricing. In value-based pricing, price is set based on the feeling value that customers think about goods. In cost-based pricing, the price is set based on the actual cost of production. However, this disadvantage to the customer is an advantage to the manufacturer who gains a higher profit on customised product. Because the  customer is given multiple choices product, identifying the real cost of the customized product may prove difficult. When the number of product options increases, so does the complexity of cost estimation. To separate the risk of costing, manufacturers may place higher profit on all features of the products. Lack of product knowledge by some customers may result in wrong details and unwanted products. There is also increase in the performance of the customised product due to lack of comparison. Helping customer to learn how to configure the products is an additional unpredicted cost. Entering into the privacy of customers can be a major concern. Personal information is extracted during product detail stage and set database. The information is then sold to other suppliers without previous agreement of the customers; this company may have to be faced with punishment. Drawbacks for manufactures & the economy Although there are many substantial researches into the subject, there are very few actual successful organisations that a working framework can be modelled coherently. A key problem of mass customisation is deciding on the options for customers. Gilmore and Pine (1997a) warned that customisation options should be restricted to limit options for customers to choose, in order to avoid wasteful efforts. Another difficulty is too definite the amount that the customer is willing to pay for functional goods. Mass customisation faces the hard task of changing their organisational structure and culture. When the progress go wrongly, factory productivity and capacity planning can be seriously affected. The complexity of supporting multiple types of product can result in increased cost due to: lower worker, higher machinery cost and higher inventories of goods in process and finished goods. Other concerns are constant re-training demand, production delays and product quality issues. Substanti al investment in information technology is required to create the close relation between all organisation’s value chain and external suppliers and intermediaries. As information technology becomes obsolete (out-of-date) fairly quick, keeping the information infrastructure can increase cost. Approriate market players, whose strategy is to focus on small part of the market, will be the biggest losers. Mass customisation organisations are able to enter all parts of the market, at mass production pricing. Market manufacturers that do not change will not survive. Michael  Cox, chief economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, in concurrence with Toffler lamented that â€Å"If you don’t customize, you’re going to lose business in today’s marketplace.† (Wall Street Journal, April 29, 1999, pp. A1). Finally, we may have a remarkable situation, where the market is dominated by a few super efficient mass customisation organisations. Entering into the privacy of customers can be a major concern. Personal information is extracted during product detail stage and set database. The information is then sold to other suppliers without previous agreement of the customers; this company may have to be faced with punishment. 4 Mass Marketing and Mass Customization 1. Goal -to appeal to an entire market, create the largest potential market and reach the highest turnover. -Delivering goods and services at prices low enough that nearly everyone can afford them. -to meet consumers’ diverse and changing needs at near mass production prices. -Delivering affordable goods and services with enough variety and customization that nearly everyone finds exactly what they want. 2. Strategy -using one basic marketing strategy to approach the entire market. -using different methods designed to target each specific population segment. Because Mass Marketing is a market coverage technique that does not distinguish or recognize any substantial differences between customer segments, it only use one basic marketing (single marketing mix) strategy by utilizing mass distribution and mass promotion to appeal the entire market place. On the contrary, mass customization uses many different methods to satisfy each specific customer segment. There are 4 types of mass customization (which are Collaborative Customization, Adaptive Customization, Transparent Customization and Cosmetic Customization) and in each type; the company has different ways to communicate with customers. For Collaborative Customization, the company works in partnership with individual customers to develop precise product offerings to best suit each  customer’s needs. For Adaptive Customization, the company produces standardized products that are customizable by the end-user. Transparent Customization is where the company provides unique products to individual customers without overtly stating the products are customized. And Cosmetic Customization produces standardized products but market the products in different ways to various customers. 3. Tools -utilizing mass distribution and mass media. -using technologies such as computerization, internet, product modularization, and lean production. Mass marketing tries to spread the marketing message to anyone and everyone who are willing to listen and let its products/services known by the greatest number of people so that it can reach potential customers. Therefore, mass media and mass distribution are good tools for the strategy. Businesses can reach the mass market with advertising messages through a variety of media. Radio is the oldest mass market medium. Television quickly took a dominant role as the mass medium of choice of a large number of businesses. Television remained the most effective means of reaching mass market audiences until innovations in technology and the Internet began to change the game around the turn of the 21st century. Newspapers are also a traditional mass market medium, although not as effective as radio or television due to the regional or biased nature of individual publications. Mass customization concentrates on using technologies (such as computerization, internet, product modularization, and lean production) in order to make products that really meet customer’s needs and be able to quickly produce an item only when an order is received. 4. Products -standardized products built to inventory. -long product life cycles -standardized modules assembled based on customers’ needs. -short product life cycles Mass marketing aims to attract all kinds of buyers by producing and distributing the one best product at the lowest possible price; no product  is made specially for one person or a group of people. Therefore, the products must be standardized to make sure that the vendor can sell their goods to a large number of customers. Typically, things which are perceived to be necessary/essential to the consumer are subject to mass marketing. It focuses on products that have little change in customer’s demand, so the life cycles of products are long. In mass customization, products are made to satisfied different customer segment, it also have standardization but for modules to be assembled and made complete products based on customer’s need. Because the mass customization produces goods in response to volatile market demand, the life cycles of products is short. 5. Economics -Economies of scale. -Economies of scope and customer integration. An economy of scale means the decrease in unit cost of a product or service resulting from large-scale operations and it plays an important role in mass marketing. When applying the mass marketing approach, the companies are able to produce in large scale. Advertising messages broadcast over mass media can reach millions of audiences in a single showing, and economies of scale make mass distribution cheaper than regional deliveries. Economies of scope are conceptually similar to economies of scale. Whereas economies of scale for a firm primarily refers to reductions in the average cost (cost per unit) associated with increasing the scale of production for a single product type, economies of scope refers to lowering the average cost for a firm in producing two or more products. In mass customization, the product customization concepts and design schemes are determined and agreed between customers and manufacturers. Moreover, by sharing demand and supply information, supply chain partn ers can better utilize production resources in response to volatile market demand. The integration of customer in manufacturing really helps to make products with reasonable and affordable prices. 6. Customer involvement -customers are passively involved in the value chain. -customers are actively integrated into the value chain. In Mass Marketing, products are made before there are orders from customers and they just receive products’ information through mass media like newspaper, TV or internet; then make decisions to buy goods or not. In other words, mass marketing is where the vendor offers a product on a ‘take it or leave it’ basis, so customers are passively involved in the value chain. In Mass Customization, there are many applications including software-based product configurations that allow end-users to add and/or change certain functionalities of a core product. This involvement of the customer in the design and production stage means that the customer becomes a â€Å"prosumer† as described by futurologist Alvin Toffler in the 1970 book, ‘Future Shock’. The â€Å"prosumer† is producer and consumer in concert, defining and producing the product. This type of customization is called Collaborative customization and the customers are really involved in the value chain of products. 7. Type of business -big enterprises. -small and medium enterprises. To carry out a mass marketing strategy, a company must have a strong finance to pay for heavy advertising costs, establishing brands and. The company has to pay a large amount of money on mass media for keep its image in public eyes. Whereas, in mass customization, thanks to the build-to-order method (products are only manufactured when a customer order is received), the company can reduce the cost of a customized products and avoid unsold products. Moreover, the company creates specific marketing strategies to reach different customer segments, so it can really understand the customer’s needs and keep good relationship with them. This also helps the company reduce the cost for market research. This is an advantage for small and medium enterprises to start their business with limited resources. 5 Which one is dead? Mass marketing strategy is trying to reach market in greater areas by using single marketing strategy. The advantages of this strategy is in terms of low cost in production costs and tends to masters market monopolistic ally – as well as – can close all markets from competitors. In the past, mass  marketing was a relatively common and successful approach. The classic example given is the Ford Motor Company with their standard offering of the Model T Ford, which is the only product they sold for many years and it was only provided in one color (black). Nowadays, mass marketing is facing to the death because of several challenges below: Various segmented market and different demand of customer Today’s marketplaces are individualized, customized, and personalized. A single product offering, therefore, cannot fully satisfy the diverse needs of all consumers in a market and consumers with unsatisfied needs expose businesses to challenges by competitors who are able to identify and fulfill consumer needs more precisely. In fact, markets for new products typically begin with one competitor offering a single product, and then gradually splinter into segments as competitors enter the market with products and marketing messages targeted at groups of consumers the original producer may have missed. These new competitors are able to enter a market ostensibly controlled by an established competitor because they can identify and meet the needs of unsatisfied customer segments. In recent times, the proliferation of computerized customer databases has worked to drive marketing toward ever-more-narrowly focused market segments The ineffiecience of communication to customer Mass marketing is an attempt to appeal to an entire market with one basic marketing strategy utilizing mass distribution and mass media. Also called undifferentiated marketing, it maximizes products advertising to consumers. Unlike niche marketing, that targets markets and audiences via research and analytical techniques; mass marketing advertises products to a large audience. Until recently, marketers have pretty much taken a â€Å"mass media† approach to their efforts: Blast out as many marketing messages as possible on every medium available as often as you can afford it. In an era when it’s not really possible to learn anything about the audience and their tastes, this crude shotgun method of attack is pretty much the only option. Mass marketing tactics are really just slightly more sophisticated versions of standing on the street corner yelling at people who walk by, hoping that some small percentage of them might be interested in what you have to say. The development of the Internet and social media Traditionally mass marketing has focused on radio, television and newspapers as the media used to reach this broad audience. By reaching the largest audience, exposure to the product is maximized. In the new millennium, the Internet – a mass communications medium- is more and more developing. Besides, it also changes the way people approach new products. The Internet has allowed people to reach out to each other and becomes a powerful force of one. Through ‘world wide web’ and social media, customers are able to connect with others who have similar interest, share experiences about products, complain about poor performing products or even become brand advocates.. Thereore, customers – not mass maketing tools – have influence on their decision buying products themselves. The Mass marketing could be coming to an end replaced by a new era of personal marketing. The businesses should make the right marketing strategy to approach their targets. VII. Conclusion Mass marketing is old school marketing. No longer can businesses afford to blindly send large volume of the same messages to unqualified recipients. Nor can they afford to treat each customer to same way. Yet many businesses still practice these useless exercises. Plenty of businesses practice bad marketing on a regular basis. It’s wasteful and it produces negative effects. With an unfocused target, the wrong people will get the wrong message. As a result, marketing dollars will be wasted. Prospective elients may look unfavorably on your business because you appear to be careless, desperate, or just plain clueless, and no one wants to work with a business like that. Customers can’t be treated anonymously. One of the keys to successful marketing and sales understands your customer’s needs and pains, and how to better serve them. Personalized marketing will help businesses address these customer needs. Today, when more and more industries move towards creating mark ets of one, the satisfaction of increasingly individualized consumer demand is a challenge faced by many manufacturing organizations. Consequentially, this situation has led to a rapid growth in the attention given to mass customization for the fulfillment of individual consumer requirements. Customer co-design and integration are the keys to  mass customization. This is the core element that differentiates mass customization from other strategies like lean management or agile manufacturing. With today’s information technology, mass customization customers can be included into the value creation chain by defining, configuring or modifying an individual order. Though an interactive website customers can configure specifications of the product or service, packaging and even delivery options. The use of build-to-order methods, where an item is not constructed until an order is received, is an important factor in minimising the cost of a customized product. Mass customization is a reality because it is an attractive strategy for both manufacturers and customers. Producers are able to reduce their inventories a nd manufacturing overhead costs, eliminate waste in their supply chains, and obtain more accurate information about demand. Including the customer in the product design also establishes an individual contact between the manufacturer and customer, which offers possibilities for building up a lasting relationship. Mass customization technologies make it possible for companies to create a cost efficient value chain, while increasing flexibility towards answering customers’ needs from heterogeneous market demands. In this way, companies pay more attention in delivering products and services, and, instead of focusing just on acquiring new customers, they concentrate on building lasting relationships with the existing customers. Involving customers into the company’s value creation process increases their sense of contribution in the end product and brings real first hand customer knowledge. Small and medium enterprises comprise most of the world’s manufacturing secto r. In addition to feeling intense pressure from low-cost international competitors, these organizations have to deal with rising raw material cost, customers demanding high quality service, support, and product variety. Mass customization has snuck up on many of us. It has happened gradually and has moved from industry to industry without carrying the â€Å"mass customizing† label. We have gotten used to having our products and services customized without having the label â€Å"mass customizing† used to define customizing what is happening. We take mass customization for granted. We turn on our computer, click on â€Å"Word,† choose our favorite font, our color of the day, and the stationery that we think will impress our reader, and within seconds we are creating a document that we have quickly and effortlessly customized  to meet our personal desires. We believe that mass customization has great potential to be a source of sustainable financial and strategic adv antage. Today’s market characteristics and competitive challenges favor mass customization in many industries and market situations. We invite managers to learn more about this strategy and investigate how a customized mass customization approach can suit their businesses better.

Although the foetus has no right to life, its interests are adequately protected by English law. The WritePass Journal

Although the foetus has no right to life, its interests are adequately protected by English law. Introduction Although the foetus has no right to life, its interests are adequately protected by English law. ). Kennedy, I., Grubb, A., Laing, J. and McHale, J. Principles of Medical Law, OUP Oxford, 3rd Edition, (2010). Jackson, E. Medical Law: Text, Cases and Materials (Text, Cases and Materials), OUP Oxford, 2nd Edition, (2009). Mason, K. and Laurie, G. Mason and McCall Smith’s Law and Medical Ethics, OUP Oxford, 8th Edition, (2010). Articles: Abortion Rights Campaign, Why women need a modern abortion, law and better services, Available [Online] at: abortionrights.org.uk/content/view/180/121/ BBC, Women’s Rights Arguments in Favour of Abortion, Ethics Guide, (1992), Available [Online] at: bbc.co.uk/ethics/abortion/mother/for_1.shtml K.D and Gearty. CA, Terminating Abortion Rights? New Law Journal, 142 NLJ 1969, Issue 6579, (04 December, 1992). C, Forty Years On, New Law Journal, 157 NLJ 1517, Issue 7295, (02 November, 2007). Frankenburg, G., Human Rights and the Belief in a Just World International Journal of Constitutional Law, Volume 12, Issue 1. Holetzky, S. What is Judicial Activism? (04 February, 2010), Available [Online] at: wisegeek.com/what-is-judicial-activism.htm Human Rights, Right to Life: Not just an abortion issue, Available [Online] at: abouthumanrights.co.uk/right-life-not-just-abortion-issue.html I, A Vacancy in the Supreme Court, New Law Journal, 144 NLJ 537, Issue 6644, (22 April, 1994). McCrudden, C. Human Dignity and Judicial Interpretation of Human Rights, European Journal of International Law, EJIL 2008 19 (655), Issue 4, (01 September, 2008). O’Donovan, K. Commentary, Medical Law Review, Med Law Rev 2006 14 (115), (01 March, 2006). Sandel, M. J. Symposium: Law, Community, and Moral Reasoning Moral Argument and Liberal Toleration: Abortion and Homosexuality, California Law Review, 77 Calif. L. Rev. 521, (May, 1989). The Society for the Protection of Unborn Children, SPUC, Abortion and disability or eugenic abortion, Available [Online] at: spuc.org.uk/students/abortion/disability Thielen, D. Overturn Roe v Wade, Liberal and Loving It, (2005), Available [Online] at: davidthielen.info/politics/2005/08/overturn_roe_vs.html Wicks, E., Wyldes, M. and Kilby, M. Late Termination of Pregnancy for Foetal Abnormality: Medical and Legal Perspectives, Medical Law Review, Med Law Rev 2004.12 (285), (01 September, 2004).

Chemical Properties and Physical Properties

Chemical Properties and Physical Properties When you study matter, youll be expected to understand and distinguish between chemical and physical properties. Physical Properties Basically, physical properties are those which you can observe and measure without changing the chemical identity of your sample. Physical properties are used to describe matter and make observations about it. Examples of physical properties include color, shape, position, volume and boiling point. Physical properties may be subdivided into intensive and extensive properties. An intensive property (e.g., color, density, temperature, melting point) is a bulk property that does not depend on the sample size. An extensive property (e.g., mass, shape, volume)Â  is affected by the amount of matter in a sample. Chemical Properties Chemical properties, on the other hand, reveal themselves only when the sample is changed by a chemical reaction. Examples of chemical properties include flammability, reactivity and toxicity. The Gray Area Between Physical and Chemical Properties Would you consider solubility to be a chemical property or a physical property, given that ionic compounds dissociate into new chemical species when dissolved (e.g., salt in water), while covalent compounds do not (e.g., sugar in water)?

The Zoot-Suit Riots Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Zoot-Suit Riots - Essay Example No one was killed, no one sustained massive injuries, property damage was slight, and no major or minor judicial decisions stemmed from the riots. There was no pattern to arrests; convictions were few and highly discretionary. There were no political manifestos or heroes originating from the riots (Mazon 1). But it did cause damage to those involved. By the beginning of 1943, America was deeply engaged with the Second World War. In Los Angeles, the city had already been emptied of its residents of Japanese ancestry. Young Latinos, unlike their elders, were not content to stay within their barrios, but were spilling into downtown dance halls, movie houses, pool halls and clubs. As young men are prone to do, many young Latino males distinguished themselves with distinctive hairdos and apparel. They wore drapes which resembled the zoot suits worn in Harlem. It was designed to be comfortable to dance in, and some believed that it was sometimes used as a signal that the wearer belonged to a club or gang. Most Anglos called the outfit a zoot suit and assumed that only hoodlums wore them. Long before the riots, Mexicans and Mexican Americans were the victims, and often the authors of many other descriptive names. Now, due to the drapes, the term 'Zoot Suiters' was attributed to this riot. However, the Mexican American teenagers called t hemselves pachucos.

E-Business Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

E-Business Master - Case Study Example The firm has approximately 153 stores across Britain; the number of its employees has been estimated to 21,500. The last 8 months the firm's profitability was reduced under the influence of the global financial crisis; however, signs of recovery of the firm's performance have been identified - see also the performance of the firm's shares for 2008 and 2009 in Figure 1 - Appendix. Characteristics of corporate website In general, the website has the structure of a B2C (business to customer) system, i.e. a system used for the selling of products/ services to the website's visitors (customers). The information included is available to the website's visitors - the communication with customers seems to be the priority for the system's developers. The characteristics of the corporate website could be summarized as follows: the entrance and navigation in the specific website is quite easy - the material included has been appropriately categorized, in terms of speed the website can be characterized as extremely effective, images are used as possible to highlight the content - especially regarding the products available, communication with the customers is highly supported - telephone numbers are available for all organisational departments One of the most important advantages of the firm's website is the fact that the information provided covers a wide range of issues including the firm's products and services - those currently available to the public, the existing vacancies in various organisational departments - including the terms of employment in the firm, the firm's financial performance, the firm's environmental policies, the methods of payment available for online orders of products/ services and the firm's culture and...The last 8 months the firm's profitability was reduced under the influence of the global financial crisis; however, signs of recovery of the firm's performance have been identified - see also the performance of the firm's shares for 2008 and 2009 in Figure 1 - Appendix. In general, the website has the structure of a B2C (business to customer) system, i.e. a system used for the selling of products/ services to the website's visitors (customers). The information included is available to the website's visitors - the communication with customers seems to be the priority for the system's developers. The characteristics of the corporate website could be summarized as follows: One of the most important advantages of the firm's website is the fact that the information provided covers a wide range of issues including the firm's products and services - those currently available to the public, the existing vacancies in various organisational departments - including the terms of employment in the firm, the firm's financial performance, the firm's environmental policies, the methods of payment available for online orders of products/ services and the firm's culture and mission. Up today, the firm's managers have tried to keep the firm's performance almost intact from the international crisis; in the feature the ability of the firm to face the threats developed would be evaluated in ac

Engineering Disasters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Engineering Disasters - Essay Example Undeniably, engineering knowhow so far has immensely contributed to humanity’s wellbeing in diverse and numerous areas. This has enabled people to execute their tasks with heightened efficiency, speed and even producing varied products meant to support humanity’s survival. Some of these products include drugs, processed foodstuffs, vehicles and aircrafts. The Japanese Fukushima reactor meltdown incidence occurred due to manmade errors and carelessness (Girard 342). This is contrary to numerous claims especially from the government citing that the then coincidental earthquake exacerbated the incidence. According to the experts’ report, the government via its experts failed to utilize new and effective reactor designs. These could have ensured effective coolant regulation in the plant whose location was in a flood prone region. Hence, enable the nuclear plant to withstand the then severe earthquake’s pressure. Besides, the required designs would have prevented the subsequent Tsunami’s force, which severed the Fukushima’s power connections leading to the reactors’ overheating (Girard 342). Overheating led to the melting of reactors, which caused them to dispose their radioactive contents into the environment. This posed a hazard to both the inhabitants and other microorganisms in the region (Girard 342) . Boston’s Big Dig Ceiling Collapse incidence presents another example of a structural failure (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins 235). The incidence occurred due to engineers’ negligence, whereas the local authorities failed to execute the necessary construction policies. According to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation report, Powers Fasteners Inc. knowingly supplied fast set epoxy instead of the standard fastening (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins 235).... knowingly supplied fast set epoxy instead of the standard fastening (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins 235). Fast set epoxy is a ceiling fastener used for short-term structures, which engineers used at the site despite being aware of the product’s â€Å"creep† and â€Å"deformation† nature (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins 235). Consequently, this inappropriate and erroneous use of materials prompted the 26 ton suspended ceiling concrete collapse onto a passing car and killing the driver (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins 235). Besides, in their report NTSB contend the site’s contractors together with their engineers contributed to the structure’s collapsing. Since, they failed to utilize their experience and knowledge to unveil the fastening product type early in advance. Therefore, in this incidence despite the legal authorities claiming Powers Company played a significant role, site’s engineers exhibited negligence and carelessness though not indicted by the law (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins 235). Engineers’ professional misconduct is also evident in the Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse incidence that occurred on 17Th July 1981 (Whitbeck 173). The incidence led to the demise of 114 people besides 200 others sustaining grievous injuries. Before the incidence’s occurrence, people were in a tea party whereas others standing on the two walkways. The two connected walkways collapsed onto the credulous people who were busy enjoying themselves whereas others holding individual conversations (Whitbeck 173). This incidence to date marks the worst structural failure in the US history in terms of human life loss and injuries sustained (Whitbeck 173). The investigators of this incidence cited the

Malaysia Airlines Essay Example for Free

Malaysia Airlines Essay Malaysia airlines:   what they did in real life and outcome performance after their adjustment and solution? Malaysia Airlines reduces fuel costs Malaysia Airlines reduces fuel costs on 40 aircrafts, including their A380 fleet, with SITA’s FMS Wind Uplink service. Flight Management System (FMS) calculations are constantly updated by the new service, therefore the airline can adjust flight plans easily owing to adjusting wind and weather conditions. The system also let the aircraft using fuel more cost effectively. From trials results, Wind Uplink saved of up to 600 kilograms of fuel within one flight. Captain Izham Ismail, Director of Operations for Malaysia Airlines, said: â€Å"This new service from SITA delivers savings straight away. We have already trialed SITA Wind Uplink with great success in reducing our fuel costs. It has also helped improve our final fuel on board predictions and made our estimated time of arrival predictions more accurate. We are experiencing real business benefits following introduction of this service at Malaysia Airlines.† Katrina Korzenowski, Director, Aircraft Services, Asia Pacific, SITA, said: â€Å"Wind Uplink enables airlines to take advantage of beneficial changes in weather so crews can bring flights in on time and on budget, reducing fuel costs whenever possible. Due to high fuel prices, we anticipate increased demand for Wind Uplink in the future and are already in discussions with many other potential customers. In addition, because Wind Uplink is packaged as a single service, it can be up and running in just a few hours for SITA Flight Briefing Service and AIRCOM Datalink customers—without any capital expenses.† Resources http://www.sita.aero/content/malaysia-airlines-reduce-fuel-costs-with-sita-s-wind-and-weather-service Etihad presents solution to MAS Etihad developed a track record of partnership and investing with MAS. The reason is MAS would provide Etihad a stronger offline network in Southeast Asia. Etihad put its code on Garuda-operated flights in five offline Indonesian destinations from Jakarta to Singapore. MAS can also provide Etihad connection to Indonesia. Indonesia is the second largest international market for MAS. During the limited code share, Kuala Lumpur-Bali is also one of seven MAS-operated routes covered. http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/malaysia-airlines-considers-tie-up-with-etihad-as-restructuring-process-slowly-begins-172934

Ideology of Fundamentalist Islam Explained Essay -- Muslim Religion, S

Introduction: This essay concerns itself with exploring the Islamic and political orientation of Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966), an Egyptian civil servant turned political and religious activist, inspired by fundamentalist Islam. To gain an understanding of what influenced and formulated Qutb’s ideas it has been necessary to provide some background information relating the history of modern day Egypt and the emergence of reformist and fundamentalist Islam, from the 19th century until Qutb’s time. The essay also seeks to give some biographical information in order to provide a fuller picture of Qutb the man. Qutb’s involvement with Egyptian religious politics caused him to come into conflict with the Nasser government of 1950s’ Egypt and Qutb spent a decade in prison. It was during this period he produced many of his seminal writings on the establishment of a truly Islamic society. By drawing on early Islamic thinkers and on direct interpretation of the Qur’an, Qutb advocated violence in establishing an Islamic state. The thinking behind and the implications of these interpretations are discussed at length in this essay to demonstrate how they have informed the belief of many Islamic fundamentalists, especially with regard to the use of violence to achieve their aims. The latter part of the essay focuses on the legacy of Qutb’s ideas and how these have been manifest in various fundamentalist groups. However, because academic literature is often a few paces behind the present it has not been possible to explore some recent developmenst of Islam inspired violenc e in any detail, namely the emergence of fundamentalist groups within the Muslim diaspora of the West. The rise of fundamentalist Islam, especia... ...racuse N.Y.: Syracuse University Press Hourani, A. (1983) Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age 1798-1939. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Juergensmeyer, M. (2003) Terror in the Mind of God (3rd Edition). Berkeley, Ca.: University of California Press Lawrence, B.B. (1998) Shattering the Myth: Islam Beyond Violence. Princeton N.J.: Princeton University Press Moussalli, A.S. (1998) Islamic Fundamentalism: Myths and Realities. Reading : Garnet/Ithaca Press Rabasa, A. et el (2006) The Muslim World After 9/11. Santa Monica, Calif. : Rand Corporation Roy, O. (2004) Globalised Islam. London: C. Hurst & Co Ruthven, M. (2004) Fundamentalism: The Search for Meaning. Oxford: Oxford University Press Turner, B.S. & Ahmed, A. (2003) Islam: critical concepts in sociology. London: Routledge Weber, M. (1963) The Sociology of Religion . Boston: Beacon Press

Essay --

To Russians the word food means very much, their whole world revolves around food. Russians always eat three times a day and each one of those meals is huge. They start off their day with breakfast, which mostly consists of kasha – (a type of porridge made from different grains) sometimes they could make a buterbrod which is a type of sandwich that consists of one slice of bread and one topping they could also make some eggs or just have a cup of coffee with cheese. To Russians the more important meals are lunch and dinner. For lunch Russians eat a lot which mean that they will usually have hot soup as the first course and then potatoes or pasta with salad as the second, which then leads to third course, which is usually something sweet. Dinner is another important meal of the day because that is when the whole family sits together to eat discuss their day and watch some TV at the same time. A typical Russian dinner consists of a table full of food. For dinner everything usu ally is taken out of the fridge what Russians snack on before the main dish is ready. There will always be a salad and snacks like salami slices, cabbage, vegetables, bread etc. Main dish is usually meat with potatoes or fish. In Russia, there is never any meal without bread on the table. There are special feelings that Russians have towards rye bread Russians call it "black" bread because of its dark color. "Black" bread is considered a traditional food in Russian homes. When it comes to drinks even though Russia is mostly known for vodka, Russian traditional drink is Kvass - a fermented beverage made from rye bread. Kvass has very low alcohol content in it which hardly reaches to 1% and therefore it is enjoyed by everybody even kids. This bubbly dink is ... ...ue by the ingredients that are used to make food. But also because of the way the make their food the old famous Russian stove. The stove was used to make food in and heat up houses. Russians used to sleep on the stoves as well because it was always so warm and that was the only heat that was provided to them. The food prepared in stoves was so delicious because of the way it was made, heated from all sides inside the stove. Even though there are still house with stoves unfortunately Russian stoves are not being used anymore even in the villages. Electric stoves and microwave ovens have replaced them today but the food still remains delicious. Russians have always been very passionate about food, at the family gatherings especially, the amount of plates of food could reach up to 150 different appetizers. Nobody ever leaves a Russian house hungry or unsatisfied.